Publications

Selected papers related to the SmartBody platform.

Publication	Description	Paper	Video

“Avatar reshaping and automatic rigging using a deformable model”, A. W. Feng, D. Casas, A. Shapiro, ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Motion in Games, Paris, France, November, 2015 Automatic method for rigging a scanned human model by transferring attributes from a database of human figures.	pdf, bibtex

“Acting the part; the role of gesture on avatar identity”, A. W. Feng, G. Lucas, S. Marsella, E. Suma, C.C. Chiu, D. Casas, A. Shapiro, ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Motion in Games, Los Angeles, CA, November, 2014 Examination of whether avatars of people are more recognizable (or more ‘like themselves’ if the 3D animated versions also include the gestural style of the original actor. The paper has a study demonstrating that avatars that include the original gestural style are ‘more like’ the original actors than those that don’t.	pdf, bibtex

“Rapid avatar capture and simulation using commodity depth sensors”, A Shapiro, A Feng, R Wang, H Li, M Bolas, G Medioni, E Suma, 27th Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents, Houston, TX, May, 2014 Acquisition of a 3D model using a single Microsoft Kinect. A 3D avatar is constructed in less then 3 minutes using only 4 different poses. The character is then automatially, rigged, skinned, and animated with a variety of different behaviors.	pdf, bibtex

“Towards Cloth-Manipulating Characters”, E. Miguel, A. W. Feng, A. Shapiro, 27th Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents, Houston, TX, May, 2014 Cloth manipulation is a common action in humans that many animated characters in interactive simulations are not able to perform due to its complexity. In this paper we focus on dressing-up, a common action involving cloth. We identify the steps required to perform the task and describe the systems responsible for each of them. Our results show a character that is able to put on a scarf and react to cloth collision and over-stretching events. Based on our experiments, we recommend a number of changes to a cloth-character model that would expand the capabilities of such interactions.	pdf, bibtex

“A Practical and Configurable Lip Sync Method for Games”, E. Miguel, A. W. Feng, A. Shapiro, ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Motion in Games, Dublin, Ireland, November, 2013 A lip sync method that can be constructed without using machine learning, is portable across different character resolutions, and could be used in multiple languages. We compare our results to a commercial lip sync solution.	pdf, bibtex

“Towards Higher Quality Character Performance in Previz”, S. Marsella, A. Shapiro, A. W. Feng, M. Lhommet, S. Scherer, Digital Production Symposium, Anaheim, CA, July, 2013 By obtaining a full 3D performance that is generated only from an audio clip, producers of 3D content can make important decisions about the content before the project is finished.	pdf, bibtex

“Virtual Character Performance From Speech”, S. Marsella, Y. Xu, A. W. Feng, M. Lhommet, S. Scherer, A. Shapiro, ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, Anaheim, CA, July, 2013 Our method can synthesize a virtual character performance from only an audio signal and a transcription of its word content. The character will perform semantically appropriate facial expressions and body movements that include gestures, lip synchronization to speech, head movements, saccadic eye movements, blinks and so forth. Our method can be used in various applications, such as previsualization tools, conversational agents, NPCs in video games, and avatars for inter active applications.	pdf, bibtex

“Automating the Transfer of a Generic Set of Behaviors Onto a Virtual Character”, A. W. Feng, Y. Huang, Y. Xu, A. Shapiro, Symposium on Motion in Games, Rennes, France, November, 2013 Humanoid 3D models can be easily acquired through various sources, including online. The use of such models within a game or sim- ulation environment requires human input and intervention in order to associate such a model with a relevant set of motions and cont rol mechanisms. In this paper, we demonstrate a pipeline where human oid 3D models can be incorporated within seconds into an animation system, and infused with a wide range of capabilities, such as locomo tion, such as how it works on online poker websites such as this poker website, object manipulation, gazing, speech synthesis and lip syncing. We offer a set of heuristics that can associated arbitrary joint names with canonical ones, and describe an fast retargeting algorithm that enables us t o instill a set of behaviors onto an arbitrary humanoid skeleton. We believe that such a system will vastly increase the use of 3D interactive characters due to the ease that new models can be animated.	pdf, bibtex

“An Analysis of Motion Blending Techniques”, A. W. Feng, Y. Huang, Y. Xu, A. Shapiro, Symposium on Motion in Games, Rennes, France, November, 2013 Motion blending is a widely used technique for character an- imation. The main idea is to blend similar motion examples according to blending weights, in order to synthesize new motions parameterizing high level characteristics of interest. We present in this paper an in-depth analysis and comparison of four motion blending techniques: Barycentric interpolation, Radial Basis Function, K-Nearest Neighbors and Inverse Blending optimization. Comparison metrics were designed to measure the performance across dierent motion categories on criteria including smoothness, parametric error and computation time. We have imple- mented each method in our character animation platform SmartBody and we present several visualization renderings that provide a window for gleaning insights into the underlying pros and cons of each method in an intuitive way.	pdf, bibtex

“An Example-Based Motion Synthesis Technique for Locomotion and Object Manipulation”, A. W. Feng, Y. Xu, A. Shapiro, Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, Costa Mesa, CA, March 2012 We synthesize natural-looking locomotion, reaching and grasping for a virtual character in order to accomplish a wide range of movement and manipulation tasks in real time. Our virtual characters can move while avoiding obstacles, as well as manipulate arbitrarily shaped objects, regardless of height, location or placement in a virtual environment. Our characters can touch, reach and grasp objects while maintaining a high quality appearance. We demonstrate a system that combines these skills in an interactive setting suitable for interactive games and simulations.	pdf, bibtex

“Building a Character Animation System”, A. Shapiro, 4th Annual Conference on Motion in Games 2011, Edinburgh, UK, November 2011 Description of the challenges of building an interactive animation system for humanoid characters.	pdf, bibtex

“Demonstrating and Testing the BML Compliance of BML Realizers”, H. van Welbergen, Y. Xu, M. Thiebaux, A. W. Feng, D. Reidsma, A. Shapiro, Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2011, Reykjavik, Iceland, September, 2011 Compatibility and compliance of BML realizers	pdf, bibtex

“SmartBody: behavior realization for embodied conversational agents”, M. Thiebaux, S. Marsella, A. N. Marshall, M. Kallmann, Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems, 2011, Estoril, Portugal, May 2008 Describes the Behavior Markup Language (BML) realization of the SmartBody system.	pdf

“Hierarchical Motion Controllers for Real-Time Autonomous Virtual Humans”, M. Kallmann, S. Marsella, Intelligent Virtual Agents, Kos, Greece, September 2005 Describes the hierarchical controller scheme in SmartBody.	pdf